China foreign direct investment, also known as RFDI (renminbi foreign direct investment), has increased considerably in the last decade. The benefits of FDI flow to both supplier of capital as well as to the host region. China is one country that has stepped up to capitalize on these benefits. Several factors affect the amount of FDI that pours into China.
1. Local Chinese Market and Business Climate
The most glaring aspect of China is the sheer size of its population and market, and the prospects for growth that result from this size. The ability of enterprises - backed by foreign capital - to sell to a sizeable local market makes China an attractive destination for FDI. As the Chinese economy continues to prosper, evolve and mature, higher-end industries such as healthcare, information technology, engineering, robotics and luxury goods, among others, can gain a bigger footprint in China as its local conditions, resources and other FDI determinants are enhanced.
Additionally, economic growth and FDI can start a "success domino effect." The more the region attracts FDI, the more it grows. The more it grows and matures, the more investors are willing to provide FDI. This point underscores the advantage of China's sizeable market, which presents growth opportunities in current and prospective commercial activity. The more FDI flows into the country, the greater the economic chain reaction, providing a positive effect to sustain such growth.
2. Competitiveness of Doing Business in China
China's attractiveness as a destination for investment capital rests on its development of infrastructure, resource availability (physical and labor), productivity and workforce skills, and the development of the business value chain. The level of maturation of these elements can make China more attractive for FDI relative to other nations, such as India, that compete and vie for the same investment capital.
A growing and developing economy requires infrastructure and resources in order to facilitate the sale of goods and services. Lower transaction costs, due to the maturation of these elements, enables investors to earn returns on their investments as their enterprises are able to generate profits. Roads, highways, bridges and other forms of physical infrastructure should be present, maintained and provide sufficient safety for the transportation of goods as well as for the commute of employees.
3. Stability of FDI in China
Political and economic stability can facilitate an influx of FDI. Stability represents predictability and the opportunity for enterprises to gain better foresight into the future. Alternatively, constant social unrest, rioting, rebellions and social turmoil are settings not conducive to business. Economic instability can also contribute to hyperinflation, which can render the currency virtually obsolete.
To encourage FDI, citizens/workers as well as businesses should have a reasonable basis for respecting Chinese law and order. Violence, criminal activity, blackmail, kidnappings, and counterfeit currency and products have all been problems in China that serve to undermine the efficacy of conducting trade activities. The justice system should also have effective mechanisms for reducing, or altogether eliminating, rogue and corrupt elements of law enforcement agencies.
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